Valuation work, prepared for the signing actuary
Actuarial services
Finbryn provides actuarial modeling and valuation support for plan sponsors, insurers, accounting firms, TPAs and local governments. We prepare the data checks, calculations and workpapers. The plan's enrolled actuary signs Schedule SB and other ERISA filings. Accounting and reserve reports, and any statement of actuarial opinion, are signed by a credentialed signing actuary.
Management report
Illustrative client ยท September 2026
USD
| Line | Sep | Aug | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | 142,380 | 131,904 | +10,476 |
| Cost of sales | (51,260) | (48,115) | (3,145) |
| Gross profit | 91,120 | 83,789 | +7,331 |
| Payroll | (46,300) | (45,900) | (400) |
| SoftwareNoted | (6,480) | (5,490) | (990) |
| Rent | (8,000) | (8,000) | 0 |
| Other operating | (9,215) | (9,870) | +655 |
| Net income | 21,125 | 14,529 | +6,596 |
Reviewer's note
Software is up on last month after two seats were added mid-month. Revenue includes one milestone invoice that will not repeat next month.
Illustrative. An example of the document, not a client's figures.
Form 5500 is due July 31 for calendar-year plans (DOL, checked 2026-10-08).
Actuarial services cover the calculations behind retirement plan funding, benefit liabilities on a balance sheet and reserves for claims that have not been paid yet. Finbryn prepares that work: it checks the data, builds the models and assembles the workpapers. Anything that is a certification, a filing schedule or a statement of actuarial opinion is reviewed and signed by an actuary, and Finbryn's own workpapers are never presented as one.
Do I need an actuary for my 401(k)?
A standard 401(k) does not need an actuary. A defined benefit or cash balance plan does, because the plan's enrolled actuary prepares and signs Schedule SB each year.
| Plan or report | Actuary needed? | Who signs |
|---|---|---|
| 401(k) or profit sharing plan | No | No actuarial signature |
| Cash balance or defined benefit plan | Yes, every year | The plan's enrolled actuary, on Schedule SB |
| 401(k) paired with a cash balance plan | Yes, for the cash balance plan | The plan's enrolled actuary |
| Pension or retiree medical in GAAP statements (ASC 715) | Usually; auditors expect a credentialed actuary | A credentialed signing actuary |
| Self-funded health plan reserves | Usually, for the IBNR estimate | A credentialed signing actuary |
Plans with 100 or more participants at the start of the plan year also generally need an independent audit attached to the Form 5500, which is a separate engagement (DOL, checked 2026-10-09).
Who this is for
Five kinds of buyers use this line. Business owners whose company sponsors a pension, cash balance or retiree health plan, or pays its own employee claims or workers' compensation losses. Accounting firms and third-party administrators with valuation work to deliver, and audit teams that need an estimate tested. US subsidiaries of foreign groups that report employee benefits or insurance contracts under IFRS. Insurers, MGAs and captives that price and report risk. State and local governments that carry other postemployment benefit liabilities.
What Finbryn prepares and what the signing actuary signs
Finbryn prepares data checks, calculations and workpapers, and an actuary signs the reports, certifications, schedules and opinions that require one. Hesham Khan is Finbryn's signing actuary. He reviews and signs the accounting and reserve reports Finbryn prepares, such as ASC 715, IAS 19, GASB 75, IBNR and loss reserve reports. Pension funding valuations, reports and filings required under ERISA are restricted by law to an enrolled actuary. For actuarial services required under ERISA, the Joint Board for the Enrollment of Actuaries requires an enrolled actuary (20 CFR 901.2), and the 2025 Form 5500 instructions say the plan's enrolled actuary prepares and signs Schedule SB. The AFTAP and PBGC premium certifications call for an enrolled actuary too. For each of those filings, the engagement letter confirms who signs. For an opinion that someone will rely on, the American Academy of Actuaries sets US Qualification Standards for the person who signs, and the engagement letter names that signer as well. Insurer work, such as IFRS 17 reporting and rate filings, is signed by the insurer's own actuary or another credentialed actuary the insurer engages, named in the engagement letter, and Finbryn is never an insurer's Appointed Actuary. Finbryn supplies the inputs and the calculations for review. The signature, and the professional responsibility that comes with it, stays with the actuary who signs.
The thirteen services
Retirement plans and benefits:
- Cash balance and defined benefit plan valuation support.
- Defined benefit freeze and DB-to-DC conversion costing.
- Pension asset-liability and cash flow studies.
- Pension risk transfer and plan termination support.
Accounting valuations:
- ASC 715 pension and OPEB accounting valuations.
- IAS 19 employee benefit valuations.
- GASB 75 OPEB and GASB 101 valuations for local governments.
Insurance:
Self-funded risk and firm-facing work:
- Self-funded health IBNR and COBRA rate support.
- Loss reserve studies.
- White-label actuarial support.
- Actuarial review support for audit teams.
How an engagement runs
You send census, claims, loss or contract data. Finbryn checks it, returns a written exceptions list, builds the model and hands a review file to the signing actuary, who signs before your auditor or the regulator receives the work. The first diagram routes each report to its signer, and the second shows the six steps from data request to auditor or regulator. For pricing, see how we price, and for onboarding see how it works.
The twelve checks for picking a provider are in how to choose an actuarial support provider.
All services
Actuarial services: every service
- White-label actuarial support for accounting firms and TPAsValuation workpapers, data checks and roll-forwards prepared under your firm's name, for review and signature by the signing actuary or your firm's own actuary, with Schedule SB and other ERISA funding work signed by an enrolled actuary.
- Cash balance and defined benefit plan valuation supportDesign studies, annual funding valuations, contribution ranges and Form 5500 support for cash balance and traditional pension plans, with the Schedule SB signed by the plan's enrolled actuary.
- ASC 715 pension and OPEB accounting valuationsYear-end benefit obligation, net periodic cost and disclosure calculations for US GAAP reporting of pension and other postretirement benefit plans, prepared for the signing actuary and your auditor.
- IAS 19 employee benefit valuations for US subsidiariesIAS 19 defined benefit obligation and cost calculations for US subsidiaries that report to a parent under IFRS, reconciled to the US GAAP figures where both are needed.
- GASB 75 OPEB and GASB 101 compensated absences valuationsTotal OPEB liability, OPEB expense and compensated absences liability calculations for state and local governments, built to the GASB standards and prepared for the signing actuary and the audit.
- Self-funded health plan IBNR and COBRA rate supportIncurred-but-not-reported claim reserve estimates for year-end accruals and premium-equivalent and COBRA rate calculations for self-funded health plans, from de-identified claims lag data.
- Loss reserve studies for workers' compensation and liability self-insuranceUnpaid loss and expense estimates for workers' compensation, general liability and auto self-insurance programs and for captive reserve support, using standard development methods on your claims history.
- Pension risk transfer and plan termination supportCalculations and data work for lump-sum windows, annuity purchases and standard terminations of single-employer pension plans, prepared for the enrolled actuary who certifies the filings.
- Actuarial review support for audit teamsData tie-outs, reasonableness tests and a written review file for accounting firms testing a client's pension, retiree medical, IBNR or reserve estimate, for the actuary who signs the review note, either your firm's own actuary or one your firm engages, and never prepared by a provider that built the estimate.
- Defined benefit freeze and DB-to-DC conversion costingCost projections, participant impact schedules and PBGC and funding forecasts for sponsors freezing a pension plan or moving to a 401(k) or cash balance design, prepared for the plan's enrolled actuary and ERISA counsel.
- Pension asset-liability and cash flow studiesProjections of benefit payments, funded status, required contributions and PBGC premiums under different interest-rate and return paths, prepared on assumptions agreed with the plan's actuary for the CFO and the investment committee.
- IFRS 17 implementation and reporting support for US insurersData checks, fulfilment cash flow and contractual service margin calculations, reconciliations to US GAAP and statutory figures and disclosure schedules for US insurers, reinsurers and captives that report to an IFRS parent, for review and signature by the insurer's own actuary or another credentialed actuary it engages.
- Insurance rate making and pricing supportLoss cost analysis, pricing models, rate indications and the exhibits behind a state rate filing for MGAs, insurtechs, small insurers and captives, with the actuarial memorandum signed by the insurer's own actuary or another qualified actuary it engages.
Selected engagements
Related engagements
- Pensions and employee benefitsA group's end-of-service provision is rejected by its auditorA multi-entity industrial group with a large workforce. The external auditor rejected the group's internal end-of-service provision weeks before sign-off. The figure had to be rebuilt for every operating entity on a basis the auditor could test.Read the engagement
- InsuranceA portfolio performance dashboard for an insurerAn insurer selling through the aggregator channel. Management needed to see portfolio performance as it happened to set rates.Read the engagement
Questions
Frequently asked questions: Actuarial services
Who signs a Schedule SB or an actuarial opinion?
Schedule SB is prepared and signed by the plan's enrolled actuary, and the engagement letter confirms who signs it for your plan. Finbryn prepares the calculations and workpapers, and Finbryn's signing actuary reviews and signs accounting and reserve reports such as ASC 715, GASB 75 and IBNR reports. A statement of actuarial opinion is signed by the actuary the engagement letter names, who must meet the applicable qualification standard. Under 20 CFR 901.2 (eCFR, checked 2026-10-02), an entity engaged for ERISA actuarial services may provide them only through an enrolled actuary.
What does actuarial services support cost?
The fee depends on the plan or program, not on a list price. The main drivers are plan size and participant count, how clean the census or claims data is, whether this year is a full valuation or a roll-forward, how many plans or lines of coverage are involved, and how tight the filing deadline is. Finbryn quotes in writing after seeing a data sample, and the quote names who signs; no list price is published for this line.
How do I choose an actuarial services provider?
Check four things whoever you pick. Who is the named signing actuary and what credential do they hold, such as enrolled actuary status listed with the IRS Joint Board. What exactly is delivered, a signed report or only calculations. How the provider handles your census and claims data. And whether the provider's deadlines match your filing calendar, for example Form 5500 on July 31 for calendar-year plans (IRS, reviewed 2026-07-20).
Which actuarial reports have to be signed by an enrolled actuary?
Schedule SB or MB to Form 5500, the adjusted funding target attainment percentage certification, the PBGC variable-rate premium certification and the Schedule EA-S for a standard plan termination all call for an enrolled actuary, per the 2025 Form 5500 instructions, 26 CFR 1.436-1, PBGC's 2026 premium instructions and PBGC Schedule EA-S, which lets the plan administrator sign for section 412(e)(3) plans (checked 2026-10-02). Accounting reports such as ASC 715 and GASB 75 have no credential rule in the standard itself, but auditors expect a credentialed actuary.
What data do you need to start?
For a retirement plan, participant census (birth dates, hire dates, pay, hours), plan documents and asset statements. For self-funded health, de-identified paid-claims data with incurred and paid dates. For liability programs, loss runs by accident year. Finbryn does not need protected health information, and a data request sheet lists the exact fields before anything is sent.
Do you work with accounting firms and TPAs as a white-label partner?
Yes. Work is built to your templates and assumption set. Finbryn's signing actuary reviews and signs accounting and reserve reports, and an enrolled actuary signs Schedule SB and other ERISA funding work. If your firm has its own actuary who should sign instead, the engagement letter says so. Your firm keeps the client relationship. See white-label actuarial support for what you send and what comes back, by engagement type.
How is claims and census data protected?
Census and claims files carry personal data, so the transfer method, who may open the files and when they are returned or deleted are agreed in writing before data moves. For health plans the work uses de-identified claims lag data. The security page lists the controls Finbryn describes publicly today.
What is the difference between IFRS 17 and LDTI?
IFRS 17, which applies to annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023, defers unearned profit in a contractual service margin. LDTI (ASC 944) has no margin and applies to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022 for SEC filers that aren't smaller reporting companies and after December 15, 2024 for all other entities (sources checked 2026-10-16). See IFRS 17 vs LDTI.
Who signs actuarial work for an insurer?
The insurer's own actuary, or another credentialed actuary the insurer engages, signs. Where the work is an opinion, that person meets the American Academy of Actuaries' US Qualification Standards (in effect as of January 1, 2022), and the engagement letter names them. Finbryn prepares data checks, calculations and exhibits for IFRS 17 reporting and rate filings, and is never an insurer's Appointed Actuary. A statement of actuarial opinion on reserves follows ASOP No. 36, effective October 1, 2024, and is signed by the actuary who gives it.
Can an actuary review my client's estimate for our audit team?
Yes, as review support prepared for the engagement team under AU-C 620: data tie-outs, reasonableness tests and a recomputation, for the actuary who signs the review note, either your firm's own actuary or one your firm engages. The SAS No. 146 amendments to AU-C 620 apply to audits of periods beginning on or after December 15, 2025 (AICPA, checked 2026-10-16). The reviewer never reviews an estimate Finbryn prepared. See actuarial review support for audit teams.
What notice do we have to give before freezing a pension plan?
A section 204(h) notice, at least 45 days before the effective date, or at least 15 days for a plan expected to have fewer than 100 participants with an accrued benefit (26 CFR 54.4980F-1, checked 2026-10-16). For a freeze effective January 1, 2027 the 45-day date is November 17, 2026. See freeze and DB-to-DC costing.
Do I need an actuary for my 401(k)?
No for a standard 401(k). Yes for a defined benefit or cash balance plan, where the plan's enrolled actuary signs Schedule SB each year, and for a cash balance plan paired with a 401(k). Form 5500 for a calendar-year plan is due July 31 (DOL, checked 2026-10-08).
What is the difference between actuarial support and a signing actuary?
Actuarial support is the data checks, models and workpapers. A signing actuary reviews them, takes professional responsibility and signs the report, certification or opinion. For ERISA filings the plan's enrolled actuary signs; for ASC 715, GASB 75 and reserve reports the engagement letter names the signer.
How much does an actuary for a pension plan cost?
There is no standard price, and none is published here. Cost follows participant count, data quality, whether the year is a full valuation or a roll-forward, the number of plans, and the deadline. The engagement letter fixes the scope, who signs, the data due date and the fee basis. Ask for expected annual actuarial, investment and administration fees as one total.
Next step
Talk to the team that would run your books
A short call covers your setup, your software and what a first month would look like. You get a written scope and price after it.